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Syndicated Loans: The Need for Automation
Over the past few years, syndicated loans have risen in popularity; adaptations to various opportunity costs and associated risks have led to further evolution of this type of loan. Syndicated loans allow groups of lenders to collectively provide funds to a borrower, such as a corporation, in order to spread risk, typically across institutional investors (i.e. funds). The ability to share risk provides a welcoming relief to investors whom are aware of their own opportunity set. This distribution of risk allows the investors to participate in the opportunity to invest in a corporation without having to entirely forgo other opportunities in their opportunity set. Many investment banks have taken over as managers of these syndicated loan relationships which involves trading and processing payments as well as managing reconciliations across multiple investors.
Several recent changes have occurred in this market since the inception of syndicated loans as those investment banks arranging and managing the syndicated loans are becoming more aware of their own opportunity costs. The complexity of syndicated loans gives banks which are managing these loans the need to analyze their processing and accounting approaches. These banks must analyze the type of work that goes into managing loan payments and the opportunities that exist around automation, such as decreasing risks related to inefficiencies.
Based solely on the ability to decrease inefficiencies, moving towards automation may seem to be an easy choice to most. In reality the banks must also analyze fixed and variable project, upkeep and opportunity costs associated with launching a new system. Below examines and provides examples of each of these types of costs that the bank must take into consideration when choosing to move towards automation of syndicated loan processing and accounting.
1. Project Costs- These costs are both variable and fixed costs associated with moving from a more manual environment towards the automated environment itself. In order to become automated new systems and processes must be created. A project team might be built to initiate the new system and processes; whether this team includes costs of hiring new employees or even providing raises/bonuses to existing employees to take on the additional responsibility. Additional costs associated with completing the project would be fixed costs of researching options, purchasing or creating an automation tool and costs associated with testing and analyzing the fit of the tool.
2. Costs associated with maintaining automation- These costs would include any licensing fees for automation tools, fixed costs of space needed to house any additional hardware if necessary and the costs of technology support for the automated tool.
3. Opportunity costs- In addition to the examples of expenses above, the managing bank should also incorporate the opportunity set into their decision. The following are some examples of opportunity costs associated with automating syndicated loan processing and accounting;
- Employees' salaries-whether or not the employees' time or the funds could be used elsewhere during the project
- Costs of space- how that space which may be needed to house new hardware could be used otherwise
- Resources- how any of the other resources needed to build and maintain the automation could be otherwise used
In addition to analyzing the associated expenses and opportunity costs, the managing banks must also consider the importance of the automated tool in being able to provide accounting information that will be helpful in control and future decision making. The bank must decide whether or not the automated tool should be used for control or decision making. In other words, should the tool work more around process and monitoring of current information or analyzing further opportunity costs from information provided by the tool? This trade-off should be considered and may lead banks to determine they need more than one automated tool in order to achieve both functions. Either way, businesses should always analyze the need for automation in the technologically advancing market and the benefits that can be derived from automation. Businesses, including syndicated loan managers, must ensure they are evolving and examining current processes in order to advance amongst competition and within the changing market.
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